Introduction

 

The introduction of all work is the purpose of doing that work. When the spark of an idea comes to your mind before starting work, that is the beginning. The introduction of this book was when I saw a confusion in education in different students. While this chaos was considered as an order. By writing this book, I tried to make learning human and to some extent animal biology easier by categorizing the material. This book is an introduction and a supplement to the book of general physiology, which if I am alive and there is hope in me, it will definitely be written.

I wrote this book in Persian language at the beginning and in the most desperate time of my life when I had somewhat lost everything. This book was written in English during the height of the Corona epidemic, Iran's economic problems and protest crises. This book is the result of my efforts and experience in the field of medical sciences and teaching. My purpose in writing was not just to teach. I wanted to share a word from the depth of my being with the students who are the future builders of the world and say that the right of scientists and students; It is not death, execution, being killed in a bombing, or living in poverty.

I have felt poverty and pain from the depths of my being. I have seen with my own eyes the life in the shadows, the extinguishing of the flames of talent and the shattering of ideas when the landlord is waiting to evict your family. I hope that this book, which resulted in my eyes being weak and tired, will reach all the children of the planet so that the sweetness of learning makes the bitter taste of problems sweeter to my palate.

From your brother from Middle East, Iran

I love you all

 

 

About author

Meysam(erfan) hamifar

Born on 25th February 1999. Ex mechanical engineering student. Nursing student at Islamic Azad university medical branch.

Teacher, tutor, educational advisor in multiple high schools, colleges and educational institutes. Executive team member of EISA 2019 summit of grand Nobel prize of Islamic scientists (Mustafa grand prize). 3 inventions in applying process. Multiple rewards for being top student. Graduated from Alborz high school (American college) in Tehran.

ORCID:0000-0002-4382-0493

 

 

"Only thing matters in life is love… the power of love can break any obstacles in the path of human kind no matter scientific, educational, economical, political or personal… "

Meysam (erfan) hamifar

 

Note:this ebook is a guied and serves as an initial guide. Please also get professional advice.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter1- science of dissection

Maybe in the first meeting, when you hear the name of dissection and anatomy, you unconsciously remember blood, cuts, dissection, and body parts, and if your imagination is very strong! You probably remember horror movies. Of course, all these are the appearance of anatomical science (cutting and dissection, etc.) and that is only in branches such as medical science.

Certainly, the science of dissection is much more complex and extensive.

For years, scientists have been seeking to discover the secrets of existence and to find a way to reveal the secrets hidden in nature, and until today, mankind has achieved many successes. Indeed, what has helped mankind to break the boundaries of truth to such an extent?

The answer is in a science called dissection. Explanation in the word means to expand a matter of truth or science or a thing. Actually, description is like a tool by which we try to examine a subject or a phenomenon closely. It is a common misconception today that dissection simply means anatomical dissection. While the science of analysis is used in all sciences and without using it, we will not have the ability to learn and perhaps use any science. So, the most important step is to first understand the concept of this science and then learn it. If we consider the science of dissection only as anatomy or dissection, we will never be successful in the same anatomy because we have not understood the meaning of dissection.

Our goal in explaining is to find the answer to the whys and what's. Finding the why of any phenomenon is a prerequisite for learning it and the introduction to its study. If you don't understand the general description of a structure, you can never understand how it works. For example, when you do not know what the heart is and why it beats, you cannot learn how it beats. Of course, as mentioned, the use of this science is not only related to biological sciences, but in every science, it is necessary to learn how, to learn what. For example, if you don't know what multiplication is, you will never understand the reason for the expression 4=2*2. From this extension, the important result is that we should use the science of description as a tool when studying any science, in its simplest form when now that you are studying your lessons, try to understand the why of the material and meditate on the material, otherwise you have memorized only a handful of material like a parrot.

Do not look for ready-made morsels such as test tips and shortcuts and memorization materials to solve challenges and questions. If you want to maintain a test point model for solving each question, then you have to maintain billions of points because the variety of questions is large. On the assumption that if you have the ability to memorize a billion points, then probably there will be a billion and one questions that are not consistent with your memorized test points. If you succeed and memorize and answer all the questions! Again, you lost because you did not understand the depth of the material and you are like a mountain of points that will cause you trouble in scientific challenges. So, if you learn the essence of the material completely and deeply, you can answer all kinds of challenges and questions because your mastery of the material is very high. The reason for our insistence is that in branches of anatomy that are related to anatomy in biological and medical sciences, you may face a lot of names that are difficult to memorize even for professors of this field (if it didn't! There were no more reference books) If you just want to memorize these materials and don't understand the essence and purpose of the story, you may get scary results.

So, our recommendation for studying this science (and even all your subjects) is the following

1. Do not neglect the literal meaning of description. Try to scrutinize everything and understand the depth of the content.

2.Avoid just memorizing. It is true that a huge amount of biological science content includes memorization, but not understanding them not only prevents you from memorizing more easily, but also makes it difficult for you to remember the material.

3.Repeat, repeat, repeat. Do not neglect the miracle of repetition. One of the most important principles when studying is repetition so that the reviewed material becomes the queen of the mind.

At the end of this chapter, I recommend dissection as an exciting journey into the depths of Knowing the wonderful phenomena of creation.

Chapter 2- Types of dissection

 

 

In this chapter, we will examine the branches and topics of the science of anatomy in biology. Before entering into the discussion, you should know that to study life, whether unicellular or multicellular, we need two sciences, physiology and anatomy.

Physiology: Physiology is actually the study of the function of a system. In other words, when we study how a system works (a cell, a tissue, an organ, an organ, etc.) regardless of its structure, we actually study this system from a physiological aspect.

dissection: When we study the structure regardless of the function and only study the building form, the names of the components and the neighbors of a member, system, etc., our study will have a descriptive aspect.

 

Note: The arrangement of organisms in a multicellular: cell-a collection of similar cells in terms of function and structure (tissue) - a collection of several different tissues (organ) - a collection of several organs with a specific purpose and function (system): muscle cells - muscle tissue - Cardiac muscle - heart

Note-2 The prerequisite for studying physiology is to know and understand anatomy

 

 

 

 

 

Dissection division:

In general, it can be written as follows:

 

 

Morphology, as its name suggests, examines appearance and shape and examines shape features and characteristics. For example, the morphology of red blood cells in the simplest form can be said to be concave and convex. Anatomy, however, is the study of the structure and not just the appearance of systems and organisms, and deals more with structural features and naming, where they are located, and what organisms, tissues, and other organs are located in their neighborhood. In general, if the naked eye and the use of tools such as a microscope are used to examine the body of a system, it is called a microscopic study.

Histology is the name given to this branch of dissecting science. But if we use the unaided eye while studying and use cutting and penetration techniques, we are studying a branch called anatomy (of course, if another animal is studied besides humans, its name will be changed to zootomy). Anatomy is derived from a Greek word that means cut. For this reason, anatomy is also called dissection because we need special cuts to extract information. Today, anatomy is studied in two practical ways (using the body of an animal) and using information from the practical method (theory). Of course, there are two ways to study anatomy academically: Regional study: In this method, each area of ​​the body is examined separately. For example, when we study the head and neck, we only study all the components that exist in this place (muscles, bones, organs and vessels and nerves) and it is no longer important to us where these vessels and nerves go or which organs are connected with other organs.

Systemic study: in this method is the study of each of the body's systems separately and to We examine in detail and in any part of the body where a trace of that system is seen, that part is also studied. For example, when we study the cardiovascular system, all the main vessels and their branches are studied throughout the body.

Note: 1 regional study is very useful when it is accompanied by a mollage or corpse.

Note: 2 Systematic study is very fruitful in providing tips and useful in providing details.

Innovative classification of basic description:

1.Zootomy

2.Dissection of human organs with the help of the organs of animals of the same branch (mammals)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 3 - Getting to know the dissection tools

 

Every work requires a special tool, dissection and autopsy are also excluded from this rule.

Annotation tools are divided into two categories in a hypothetical category

1.training

2.applications

Educational tools are only for teaching and need invasive interventions for learning (like cutting or splitting). Among these tools, we can mention molages, open corpses, and slides (painted samples that are ready to be viewed with a microscope).

Molages: Molages are actually statues and symbols of the human body with all the details. Sometimes, moulages may be used to teach surgical and medical interventions, such as injections, suturing, inserting catheters, or catheters, and cutting, etc., or simply for teaching anatomy. Moulages may be made of plastic, PVC, wax, or be rubber the next page figure is a molage with the ability to separate the components for teaching the anatomy of the trunk.

 

 

 

 

Open corpses: Open corpses have already been opened and classified by a dissecting specialist or a doctor, and the student can study the corpse simply by looking at it.

 

 

 

 

2.Annotation tools

This tool is for autopsy by a specialist or scholar, which can be more complete and have more tools depending on the type of dissection. In general, it is called a set of dissection tools (dissection set).

Now we introduce these tools and their names and uses.

1.Scalpel (scalpel handle or surgical blade:) This device is the connection point of the bistorius blade (blade for cutting). It has sizing and is made of ss (stainless steel) or strong steel.

 

 

2.Needles: There are different types of needles and according to these types, they have different functions.

A: Pointed (spinal) needle: It is a needle that is used for spinal puncture (a technique used to cut living nerves in such a way that this needle is inserted in the place of the nerve in the spinal cord) and also for piercing the place and create a hole.

B: Bent head needle: to penetrate the pores of large vessels or to enter the pores (it is interesting to know that this probe is used in dentistry to find decay cavities on the surface (coronal) and proximal.

C: Needle head of spears: It is used to crush or dig and remove parts of plant or animal tissue.

 

 

Catheters: There are different types of catheters; that the most important tubes in the biology description are tubercles.

Tubular catheters: unlike tube catheters, this catheter is completely tubular, and this model has a curved model and a smooth model is also available. This catheter is used to penetrate blood vessels or draw fluid from the body.

Calyx catheters: in fact, they are auxiliary tools by means of which we can make incisions in hard-to-pass paths, such as vessels that are likely to rupture, or holes in heart vessels that are likely to break apart. We put the scissors in the groove in these probes and make the cut.

Pliers: Pliers come in different types and sizes and, surprisingly, have different functions.

A- Toothed tweezers: Toothed tweezers are used to hold tissues, and the higher the number of teeth, the less likely it is to damage the tissue, and it can be used to hold softer tissues.

B- Round tip tweezers: generally used for removal. Whether removing something from the body or removing dissecting tools (in sterile procedures) it is also used to place the scalpel blade. There is another type of tweezers, which is called sharp tweezers and is used for piercing or showing.

Impressum

Verlag: BookRix GmbH & Co. KG

Tag der Veröffentlichung: 10.10.2022
ISBN: 978-3-7554-2298-3

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Widmung:
I have felt poverty and pain from the depths of my being. I have seen with my own eyes the life in the shadows, the extinguishing of the flames of talent and the shattering of ideas when the landlord is waiting to evict your family. I hope that this book, which resulted in my eyes being weak and tired, will reach all the children of the planet so that the sweetness of learning makes the bitter taste of problems sweeter to my palate.