Table of Index
- Multicast IP Addresses Overview
- Mapping Multicast IP Addresses to MAC Addresses
- Mapping Multicast IP to MAC:
- IGMP Version 1
- IGMP Version 2
- IGMP Version 3
- IGMP Filter
- Multicast IGMP Proxy
- Unidirectional Satellite Link
- Regular Internet Connection
This eBook is based on multicast ip routing that has been collected from different sources. For more information about this. Kindly write to ummedsingh7427@gmail.com. I will happy to help you.
This eBook is a guide and serves as a first guide. In addition, please get expert advice or you can write to ummedsingh7427@gmail.com for any query, we will be happy to help you. This book has been written on the advice of many experts and sources who have good command over routing and switching. They are listed at the end of this book.
Copyright 2023 by Ummed Singh
This ebook is a guide and serves as a first guide. In addition, please get expert advice by writing an email to ummedsingh7427@gmail.com. All images used in this book are taken from Lab created by author. All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For any query reach out to the author through email.
Multicast IP Addresses Overview
Multicast IP addresses differ from unicast IP addresses in that they represent a group of receivers rather than a single network device. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the class D range (224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255) specifically for multicast purposes.
Within this range, certain addresses are reserved for specific uses and cannot be utilized for custom applications. For example, the range 224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 is reserved by IANA for network protocols. Multicast IP packets within this range are not forwarded by routers between subnets. Here is an overview of some of the reserved link-local multicast addresses, many of which you may recognize:
224.0.0.1: All Hosts
224.0.0.2: All Multicast Routers
224.0.0.3: Unassigned
224.0.0.4: DVMRP Routers
224.0.0.5: OSPF Routers
224.0.0.6: OSPF DR/BDR Router
224.0.0.7: ST Routers
224.0.0.8: ST Hosts
224.0.0.9: RIPv2 Routers
224.0.0.10: EIGRP Routers
224.0.0.11: Mobile Agents
224.0.0.12: DHCP Server / Relay
224.0.0.13: All PIM Routers
224.0.0.14: RSVP Encapsulation
224.0.0.15: All CBT Routers
224.0.0.16: Designated SBM
224.0.0.17: All SBMS
224.0.0.18: VRRP
224.0.0.19 - 255: Unassigned
Additionally, the 224.0.1.0/24 range has been reserved by IANA for certain applications. Unlike the 224.0.0.0/24 range, addresses within the 224.0.1.0/24 range can be routed. Here is an overview of some addresses in this range:
224.0.1.0: VMTP Managers Group
224.0.1.1: NTP
224.0.1.2: SGI-Dogfight
224.0.1.3: Rwhod
224.0.1.6: NSS
224.0.1.8: SUN NIS+
224.0.1.20: Any Private Experiment
224.0.1.21: DVMRP on MOSPF
224.0.1.32: Mtrace
224.0.1.33: RSVP-encap-1
224.0.1.34: RSVP-encap-2
224.0.1.39: Cisco-RP-Announce
224.0.1.40: Cisco-RP-Discovery
224.0.1.52: Mbone-VCR-Directory
224.0.1.78: Tibco Multicast 1
224.0.1.79: Tibco Multicast 2
224.0.1.80 - 224.0.1.255: Unassigned
To ensure compliance, avoid using the 224.0.0.0/24 and 224.0.1.0/24 ranges. Instead, for multicast on local networks, you can safely
utilize the 239.0.0.0/8 range, which includes all addresses from 239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
Mapping Multicast IP Addresses to MAC Addresses
In order to establish communication between multicast IP addresses and MAC addresses at Layer 2, specific procedures are followed. Let's explore an example of a MAC address:
MAC Broadcast Multicast Bit:
The MAC address example above illustrates the structure. The first octet of the MAC address designates a bit reserved for broadcast or multicast traffic. When dealing with unicast traffic, this bit is set to 0. However, for broadcast or multicast traffic, it is set to 1.
At Layer 3, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has allocated the range of class D addresses (224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255) specifically for multicast IP addresses. But what about Layer 2? Which MAC addresses are used for multicast traffic?
Impressum
Verlag: BookRix GmbH & Co. KG
Texte: Ummed Singh
Bildmaterialien: Uday Bhan Thakur
Cover: Lalit Rao
Lektorat: Anand Kumar
Korrektorat: Ajay Sharma
Übersetzung: Ummed Singh
Satz: Shivam Singh
Tag der Veröffentlichung: 09.07.2023
ISBN: 978-3-7554-4653-8
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