Table of Contents
Table of Contents
"Introduction to Quantum Physics”
INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS FOR QUANTUM PHYSICS
FIRST FORMULATIONS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS
QUANTUM MECHANICS
SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS
THE QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
OPEN QUESTIONS
"Introduction to Quantum Physics”
"Introduction to Quantum Physics”
SIMONE MALACRIDA
The following basic physics topics are presented in this book:
crisis of classical physics
quantum mechanics and wave mechanics
solid state physics and semiconductor physics
quantum field theory
quantum electrodynamics and open questions
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Simone Malacrida (1977)
Engineer and writer, has worked on research, finance, energy policy and industrial plants.
ANALYTICAL INDEX
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INTRODUCTION
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I - REQUIREMENTS FOR QUANTUM PHYSICS
The frame of reference at the beginning of the twentieth century
The spectrum of the black body
Photoelectric effect
Stability of matter
The wave-particle dualism
Towards the new
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II - FIRST FORMULATIONS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS
black body spectrum
Einstein's solution for the photoelectric effect
The Bohr model
New discoveries: Compton effect
De Broglie's solution for the wave-particle duality
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III - QUANTUM MECHANICS
Quantum mechanics according to Schrodinger
The probabilistic view
The innovations compared to the classical mechanics
The solutions
Operator evolution and uncertainty principles
Dirac and relativistic quantum mechanics
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IV - SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS
Solid state physics
Semiconductor physics
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V - THE QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
Rigorous definition of quantum mechanics
From quantum mechanics to quantum field theory
Quantum electrodynamics
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VI - OPEN QUESTIONS
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
This manual presents the theoretical framework of quantum physics.
Starting from the crisis of classical physics and going to study the solutions proposed at the beginning of the twentieth century, we will arrive at the exposure of quantum mechanics based on Schrodinger's equation.
The salient points of this revolution and the main differences with classical physics will be highlighted.
Indeterminism and the probabilistic vision will be the conceptual leap necessary for the rigorous definition of quantum mechanics.
Furthermore, quantum field theory as the final result of scientific investigation in quantum terms and its successful application given by quantum electrodynamics will be exhibited.
Finally, the questions still open in physics will be enunciated, such as the reconciliation with nuclear physics and with general relativity.
A separate chapter is devoted to notable applications of quantum mechanics, such as solid-state physics and semiconductor physics.
What is set out in this manual is only partially addressed at the university level, unless you choose a course of study in Physics.
To fully understand the above, especially from the third chapter onwards, knowledge of advanced mathematical analysis is required (differential equations and nabla algebra).
I
REQUIREMENTS FOR QUANTUM PHYSICS
REQUIREMENTS FOR QUANTUM PHYSICS
The frame of reference at the beginning of the twentieth century
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In the second half of the 19th century, it became evident that classical physics itself had very large problems in explaining physical reality.
After two centuries of speculations and theories that had ranged from one end of scientific knowledge to the other, a point of no return had been reached in which these problems gradually became more and more in consequences.
There were various scientific fields that brought a series of experiments and data in contrast with the classical system, among which we recall astronomy, chemistry and many parts of physics, such as electromagnetism.
On the one hand there was classical mechanics, based on the assumptions of Newton and Galileo, on the other hand there were this series of experiments.
We summarize below the four inconsistencies that led to the formulation of the quantum theory.
We recall that there were two other inconsistencies due to astronomical observations and to the invariant transformations of electromagnetism: these two conflicts were resolved through a new theory of relativity which revised the entire classical system.
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The spectrum of the black body
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The experimental verifications on the black body spectrum were one of the salient points for the undermining of the previous theory.
A black body is an ideal object that absorbs all the amount of electromagnetic radiation and does not transmit or reflect any kind of energy.
This is obviously a theoretical abstraction, first studied by Kirchhoff in 1862, but in nature there are physical objects that come close to this definition, for example a hollow object kept at a constant temperature.
The problem arose from the fact that, using Maxwell's equations, the experimental data did not coincide with what was expected, especially at low wavelengths (this is known as the ultraviolet catastrophe).
The theory correctly predicted that the intensity of black body radiation
Impressum
Verlag: BookRix GmbH & Co. KG
Tag der Veröffentlichung: 19.04.2023
ISBN: 978-3-7554-3949-3
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