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Human Resource Management For Student
Eny Lestari Widarni
Human Resource Management For Student
Book 1
© Eny Lestari Widarni and Suryaning Bawono
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electonic, mechanical or photocopying, recording,or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher
Author :
Dr Eny Lestari Widarni
STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang,Indonesia
Suryaning Bawono,S.E.M.Si
STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang,Indonesia
Editor :
Adriana Assyami (Singapore)
Lilik Sumarsih (Indonesia)
Published by :
Triple Nine Communication Press
Singapore
Table of contents
Table of contents
- Chapter 1 Human Resource Management
- Chapter 2 Human Capital Management
- Chapter 3 Role of the Human Resource Function
- Chapter 4 The Role of Human Resource Practitioner
- Chapter 5 Role of The Front-Line Manager
- Bibliography
- Credits
Chapter 1 Human Resource Management
Chapter 1 Human Resource Management
1.1. Understanding Of Human Resources
Human resource is a term for individuals who work as employees in an organization and are part of the total personnel who work in a company or organization (Stewart & Brown,2020).
Human resources are people in the entire workforce of the company who provide talent, skills, time, thoughts and energy in exchange for compensation in the form of salaries, wages and allowances with an amount or amount of money depending on the contribution given.
The human resources department is a department that is given the authority to manage human resources within a company or organization. The human resources department is in charge of recruiting, motivating, training, developing, and maintaining human resources owned by the organization or company.
Human resource management has the authority to develop employees or human resources within an organization or company, including talent management. Human resource management has the authority and responsibility to develop human resources, including human capital owned by employees or human resources within the organization or company and their supervision.
Human resource governance is the process of hiring individuals, training, compensating, developing policies relating to those employed, and developing and maintaining them.
The goal of human resource management is to empower the people who work for the company to work effectively. The Human Resources Department at least manages the following:
1. Employee compensation and benefits
2. Recruit and hire employees
3. Organization and employee orientation
4. Employee performance management
5. Employee training
6. Organizational development and culture
Every area managed by the human resources department affects the level of employee job satisfaction and affects employee performance. The management of each part of human resources ultimately determines the success of the organization in achieving the stated organizational goals.
Human resources working for companies, of course, have motives. There are many motives for someone willing to work for a company, including income motive, recognition motive, self-actualization motive, pleasure motive.
The income motive is a general motive for someone willing to work for a company. By working someone expects an income following the contribution given.
Recognition motive is the motive of someone working for the organization to get recognition from others. Various other motives behind this motif follow this. For example, the motive of wanting to be respected by others so that he can contribute optimally to be recognized and respected by his group.
The self-actualization motive is almost similar to the confession motive. Self-actualization motive is a motive to satisfy one's own desires for what he has achieved so far. So that by contributing maximally to the organization, that person feels satisfied with the results of his work and feels satisfied because he has given the best for another person or organization.
The pleasure motive is very similar to self-actualization. However, people who pursue this pleasure are more focused on the pleasure they feel by contributing which they are happy to do. Suppose a person who likes diving and enjoying the beauty of the sea. He is happy to be a driving instructor because by being a diving instructor, he can enjoy the beauty of the sea like his hobby for free and earn extra income. So that the main motive is a hobby or pleasure.
From these work motives, it can be seen that the compensation given by a company or organization to its human resources does not have to be money. Providing recognition and favourable treatment to employees is non-material compensation, including career and expertise development opportunities.
The contribution that humans make to a company or organization is a skill that is owned and needed by the organization.
Skills or expertise possessed by human resources can be improved using training and education. These skills or skills can be used in contributing to organizations or companies individually or in groups.
The skills or expertise possessed by humans are also followed by the knowledge, thoughts and energy and time of these humans in contributing to the organization.
So that the collection of time, energy, mental and physical health, thoughts, knowledge and skills as well as innovation and creativity is human capital to make the best contribution to the organization called performance.
So it can be said that human resources are a collection of individuals who are willing to contribute to the organization or company in exchange for the compensation agreed between the individual and the organization or company.
Something that is offered by these people, which is called human resources is human capital. Where human capital is capital that is owned by an individual to offer to an organization or company to get the compensation he wants, either in cash or material or non-material.
The greater or better the human capital owned by the individual, the higher the bargaining power they have. So that capital is important for individuals as human resources.
1.2. Human Resource System
Human resources have their own system in contributing to the organization or company. The system cannot be separated from human factors that contribute or work itself (Banfield & Kay,2012).
In general, humans have two elements, namely, physical and non-physical elements. Physical elements related to the body and physical health or body. Non-physical elements are related to the soul or psyche, knowledge, expertise, innovation, creativity and relationships with fellow humans (relationships). Human resource system cannot be separated from these two elements.
To understand human resource systems, one must first understand the elements of human resources. Starting from the elements of physical health. Raga manual acts as a physical manifestation of humans and performs physical activities or activities such as making handicrafts.
Making a handmade work, for example, making keramba crafts. In addition to the physical factors needed to make the cage, knowledge is also needed to make the cage plus expertise and equipment to make the cage. Without a physical or human body to make the cage, it is tough for the cage product to be successfully produced.
When the body is sick, it won't be easy to work or work or contribute to the company. So that physical health is essential to consider in human resource management.
Physical health is a significant factor in the performance of human resources. Because physical health affects all human work activities, when physical health is disturbed, physical activity is also disturbed, and in the end, the performance of human resources will be disrupted.
Physical health also affects emotional or mental health and human or social relationships, which can be fatal if physical health is not properly cared for and maintained.
Physical health is the health of the body or body, which has a direct effect on feelings and human physical activity. Physical health is an important factor in ensuring that people's daily activities are not disturbed. When physical health is disturbed, daily activities will also be disrupted.
Physical health is the most visible health. Physical health needs to be maintained and maintained to reduce the possibility of falling ill and speed up the recovery period from illness. Physical health can be maintained with a regular diet, a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise and adequate and quality sleep.
Physical health consists of many components or influencing factors. Here are some important factors that affect human physical health:
l Physical activity: includes sports, activities that use mostly physical activity, such as walking or cycling to work
l Healthy Diet: includes adequate and balanced nutritional intake
l Alcohol and Drug Use: Do not or reduce consumption of alcohol and drugs unless required and with doctor's instructions.
l Self-care: taking care of yourself such as cleanliness, caring for small wounds that can be treated independently and doing refreshing activities to reduce stress
l Rest and sleep: physically requires rest, so relaxation is needed to maintain physical and mental health including adequate and quality sleep
Physical activity.
Physical activity can be done in daily activities such as cycling to work, walking, cleaning the house, playing with the family physically, doing measurable and structured sports and so on. Doing physical activities in daily life is very important in maintaining health.
Healthy Diet.
Maintaining physical health requires a healthy and balanced nutritional intake. These nutrients are obtained from eating and drinking, so healthy and nutritious food is needed to maintain physical health and drink enough water to maintain body fluid needs.
Alcohol and drug use.
The use of alcohol on external wounds is sometimes necessary, including the use of disinfectants. Including the use of drugs is also needed at certain times and must be by the doctor's instructions. Consumption of alcohol and drugs carelessly and excessively is also not good for health.
Self-care.
Self-care is needed to maintain health such as maintaining personal hygiene and the environment and protecting yourself from excessive stress levels. Physical and emotional health or mental health are interconnected and influence each other, so it is necessary to maintain both.
Rest, and sleep.
Humans need rest to restore energy and other health needs, including mental health. Adequate rest and sleep are needed to maintain human physical health.
Having a healthy body is certainly fun and ensures that your daily activities are not interrupted. With a healthy physique, performance is also not compromised. Physical pain will interfere with daily activities and interfere with human performance. Maintaining health is very important in life to reduce the risk of falling ill.
A healthy diet can increase immunity, fulfil maximum nutrition and avoid the bad effects of food substances that are harmful to health such as preservatives and other chemical additives that are at risk of disrupting physical health in the long run.
Doing physical activity such as cycling to work or just taking a leisurely walk or exercising regularly is very important. By doing this physical activity can maintain physical fitness and at the same time maintain human mental health.
Screening tests or medical tests are attempts to see the potential for diseases that may affect physical health. This is important to do to anticipate the possible risk of the potential disease occurring. Early detection can increase anticipation to prevent these potential risks and prevent the risk of ill.
Physical health is closely related to mental health. The occurrence of severe physical health problems can interfere with one's mental health and vice versa when a person's mental health is disturbed can also have a negative impact on a person's physical health.
Physical health to carry out productive activities needs to be supported by mental health or mental health. Mental health is very different from physical health.
Mental health includes emotional health, including psychological health and social health or the health of human relationships. Mental health can affect the way people think, feel, and act.
Mental health also affects the management of a person's stress level as well as how to behave and relate to other people and affects how to make decisions and behave healthily.
Mental illness and mental health disorders or poor mental health are not the same things. Mental illness can be formed from various factors and life periods that cause mental illness to occur in humans.
Mental health affects a person's mindset, feelings and behaviour. When mentally healthy, a person can think rationally, can manage his feelings and can act or behave rationally so that he can do activities and work properly.
Mental health can affect daily life, including in human relationships, and human physical health, actions, behaviour and so on. Social and daily life factors, including interpersonal relationships, as well as physical factors, can all contribute to mental health disorders.
Maintaining mental health is beneficial in maintaining one's ability to enjoy life. Maintaining mental health requires a balance between daily activities, responsibilities, and taking care of yourself physically and mentally. Conditions such as stress, depression, and anxiety can affect mental health and interfere with a person's daily activities.
The mental health of human resources is essential to support the performance of human resources to improve performance in contributing to the organization.
The supporting factors that cannot be separated in the human resource system are knowledge, skills, innovation and creativity.
Human knowledge that makes humans have a way to do or complete a job using physical support and human relationships as well as the technology and equipment needed.
Knowledge is the core of human resources that makes humans have the ability to use their bodies, relationships with other humans, existing technology and work support equipment to complete their work.
Education is one way to increase knowledge so that humans can use their physical bodies, skills, feelings, creativity, innovation, technology and available work equipment and human relationships to complete work effectively and efficiently.
Skills are skills or the ability to manage and coordinate sports, technology and work equipment available to complete work based on the knowledge they have.
Skills are different from knowledge because skills lead to actions or actions based on the knowledge they have.
Skills need the practice to improve. A person who has the same knowledge does not necessarily have the same skills. To improve skills, appropriate training is needed.
Feelings are significant in the field of art or any field that requires a touch of art. Taste skills can increase the artistic value of the work. So that feeling is an important factor in human resources.
Creativity is another factor in increasing the value of the quality of work for the better and selling value. Creativity is a combination of taste, knowledge, experience and skills in creating new ways or new products or anything new or different from the usual. Creativity is very expensive in human resources.
Innovation is a continuation of creativity that provides breakthroughs in completing work or creating new products.
Creativity and innovation are two ideas that are interrelated but different, even though they appear to be the same. Creativity and innovation are both necessary for success in the workplace. here are the differences between creativity and innovation:
l Creativity is more based on unique ideas that are not usually. Creativity is formed from the formulation of experience, knowledge and imagination that form creative thought patterns and ideas that give birth to innovation.
l Innovation itself is born from the creativity that is more towards implementation or action in realizing creative ideas from the results of creativity itself.
The organizational bureaucracy that ensures the organization can run properly sometimes actually becomes an obstacle in terms of creativity and innovation. Bureaucratic matters that impede creativity and innovation need to be reexamined, and a more flexible and adaptive organizational bureaucracy needs to be reformulated.
If the bureaucracy inhibits creativity and innovation, it can make it difficult for organizations to develop and progress properly. However, bureaucracy is also needed in terms of organizational supervision and control.
Innovation and creativity become something similar but not the same. Innovation and creativity are sometimes not understood by some people. Simply put, creativity is more of a unique idea and does not usually or does not exist. Meanwhile, innovation is more about the implementation of the idea itself. Suppose a company doesn't have a website yet. Then an employee proposes the development of the company website. The proposal is the creativity of the employee who proposed the idea. While the implementation of website development because the company does not own it, it becomes an innovation even though outside the company, the website already exists or already exists or many companies already have websites.
Innovation tends to be a new product. However, innovation is not limited to this. Innovation can occur in new methods, business models, partnerships, routes to markets or marketing methods.Innovation can be incremental or radical. Any improvement made to a product or service can be seen as an additional innovation.
The companies that have done their best, in the long run, are the most creative and innovative. These organizations don't copy what other people do. Instead, they may use creative and unique ideas to produce or develop innovative products and marketing breakthroughs. Innovation and creativity increase the company's competitive power so that they can survive in the midst of intense competition.
All people and companies can have the potential to have high creativity and innovate to create superior products and breakthroughs in business amid speedy business changes. Creativity is related to imagination, but innovation is related to implementation. Products or services as long as they apply creativity and innovation to all aspects of the business, the company can stay ahead of the changing market and competition.
Creativity is a function of combining experience, imagination and knowledge in creating innovative breakthroughs in a variety of matters ranging from new product development, marketing and other possible fields which in turn form new innovative and creative patterns in increasing organizational competitiveness. But simply having knowledge does not guarantee the formation of new patterns.
Innovation and creativity drive technological development to create new, more effective and efficient equipment.In general, the human resource system process is depicted in Figure 1.
Figure 1.Human Resource System Flowchart, Source: Author's illustration
Caption Figure 1.1 :
A = Knowledge and experience
B = Feelings
C = Creativity
D = Action
E = Innovation
F = Technology Development
G = New Equipment Development
H = Work result or performance
In carrying out the performance of human resources, it is motivated by knowledge (A) and feelings (B) which shape creativity (C) in taking action (D).
In carrying out actions, humans must use their bodies even if they only move their fingers on the computer keyboard, or move the vocal cords
Impressum
Verlag: BookRix GmbH & Co. KG
Tag der Veröffentlichung: 28.11.2020
ISBN: 978-3-7487-6607-0
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