The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account... These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline. The Moral LAW causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger… The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and strictness. many calculations lead to victory … All warfare is based on deception…
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